Words to learn:
Addition: And
Giving a reason/cause:
Because, since
Giving result/outcome:
So
Opposition: But
Examples:
And: Addition
Ahmed did his homework
and watched TV.
I like potatoes and
tomatoes. I like oranges, bananas and apples.
Ahmed likes chocolate
and his sister likes ice cream.
Bilal and Kamal are
playing video games. (Ahmed is playing video games. Kamal is playing video
games)
A is listening to the
teacher. B is listening to the teacher. A and B are listening to the teacher.
Because/since: Reason -
cause
Reason: I work hard
because/since I want to succeed. (Answers the question “why?”)
Because/Since I want to
succeed, I work hard.
Since=because
Cause: Kamal succeeded because/since he paid attention in
class.
Because/since he paid
attention in class, Kamal succeeded.
So:
Result – outcome
The company is
expanding, so they are taking on extra staff.
It was raining, so we
stayed at home
I have a stomach-ache,
so I can’t go to school.
Addition:
I like chocolate, so
does my brother.
But: Opposition
He works hard, but he doesn't earn much.
Chinese products are cheap, but they are of low quality.
I like ice cream, but I really love chocolate.
Exercise 1: Rewrite the
following sentences using the given linking words:
1- Adil works very hard. He wants to help his parents.
(because)
2- I like ice cream. I like chocolate. (and)
3- Salma didn’t revise her lessons. She didn’t pass the
test. (so/because)
4- I feel hungry. I don’t want to eat. (but)
5- They did their best. They lost the match. (but)
6- I’m on a diet. I’m overweight. (since)
Exercise 2: Fill in the
blank with the correct linking words:
1- I go to the gym to keep fit [and/but] __ meet my friends.
2- [Because/So]__ there are no parks near my house, I go to the forest.
3- I like the countryside [since/but]
__ the people there are friendly.
4- The bus is cheap [and/but] __ it's often crowded.
Exercise p60 correction:
1- Jamila has a sore throat, so she can’t sing
today.
2- Amine must see the doctor because he is sick.
3- Nawal can play the piano, but she can’t play
the guitar.
4- Bill has the flu, and his sister has an
earache.
5- Alice can’t see the doctor because she doesn’t
have an appointment.
6- Alan is very sick, so he can’t go to work.
7- The doctor is here, but he can’t see you now.
8- Samir has a fever, a runny nose, and a sore
throat.